New research indicates that a single cigarette can decrease life expectancy by 22 minutes for women and 17 minutes for men.
This finding contrasts a 2000 study, which estimated that one cigarette reduced life by 11 minutes.
The study was commissioned by the U.K.'s Department for Health and Social Care and utilized updated data on smoking-related mortality.
Researchers underscore that most smokers underestimate the impact of each cigarette, affecting middle years health, rather than just the final years of life.
Caveats in the research note variability in smoking habits and individual health responses to smoking.