• Giraffes are now classified into four distinct species: Northern, Reticulated, Masai, and Southern.
• This classification aims to tailor conservation strategies based on each species' specific threats.
• The Northern giraffe is critically endangered, with fewer than 6,000 left in the wild.
• Genetic studies reveal significant differences between the species, akin to those between bears.
• The new classification could reshape conservation efforts across Africa.

In a significant shift for conservation science, giraffes have been reclassified into four distinct species: Northern, Reticulated, Masai, and Southern giraffes. This change comes after extensive research revealing genetic differences that are substantial enough to warrant separate species status. Scientists indicate that this adjustment will help efforts to address the specific conservation needs of each species under threat from varying factors, including poaching and habitat loss, according to trtglobal and abcnews.

The Northern giraffe is now recognized as the most at-risk, with estimates suggesting that fewer than 6,000 individuals remain in the wild. This compares to about 45,400 Masai giraffes and approximately 49,850 Southern giraffes, the latter being relatively stable in their population numbers. Meanwhile, the Reticulated giraffe, primarily found in northern Kenya, is around 16,000 strong but has seen a significant decline from historical highs, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted conservation initiatives, reports bbc and africanews.

Recent studies have focused on identifying the different species based on factors such as skull shape and genetic diversity, which indicate that these animals evolved separately in various regions across Africa. This knowledge enhances conservation strategies, allowing for the allocation of resources and protection efforts that respond specifically to the challenges faced by each species. Dr. Michael Brown of the IUCN has highlighted that this classification provides vital information for more effective conservation strategies, according to trtglobal and abcnews.

This reassessment marks a significant moment in the study of biodiversity and conservation efforts, as giraffes, once treated as a single species, will now receive focused conservation attention based on their unique ecological needs and challenges. The IUCN plans to re-evaluate the conservation status of these species individually, aiming to foster more effective protections that reflect their current realities in the wild, according to bbc and africanews.