• France and New Caledonia agree to a historic autonomy deal, creating a "State of New Caledonia."
• The accord allows for dual nationality but stops short of full independence for Indigenous Kanaks.
• Criticism arises from various groups regarding the efficacy and inclusivity of the agreement.

France has announced a "historic" agreement giving New Caledonia a new state status within the French Republic, following a series of violent protests last year. After ten days of negotiations in Paris, both pro- and anti-independence representatives reached a consensus to establish a “State of New Caledonia,” which will still recognize French citizenship but also create a distinct Caledonian nationality. This deal forms part of efforts by President Emmanuel Macron to bridge divides and ensure that Caledonia remains a vital part of French interests in the Pacific region, where tensions with China continue to grow, according to SCMP and Africanews.

The 13-page accord allows for more autonomy in areas including foreign policy, while other sovereign powers like defense and security could be subject to further referendums. However, many Indigenous Kanaks fear that the agreement does not go far enough towards achieving true independence, which remains a pivotal aspiration for a significant part of the population. The next steps involve parliamentary approval in France, with a public vote in New Caledonia planned for 2026, as noted by Al Jazeera and India Times.

Despite the optimism from the French government, the reaction in New Caledonia has been mixed. Critiques have surfaced from various Kanak leaders and civil society representatives, who argue the agreement lacks the ambition needed to address historical grievances and unrest stemming from colonial governance and social inequality. Joel Kasarerhou of Construire Autrement referred to the deal as "stillborn," emphasizing the need for greater vision and commitment to the youth affected by recent violence, as highlighted by reports from Le Monde and SCMP.

Additionally, the changes regarding voting rights for long-term non-Indigenous residents have ignited further concerns among Kanak communities, perceiving this as a threat to their political and cultural sovereignty. Emmanuel Macron emphasized the need for trust and goodwill to build a shared future; nevertheless, discontent remains palpable among those who feel sidelined by the agreement etched in the aftermath of heightened tensions and violence. The implications of this deal may significantly shape the future dynamics of governance in New Caledonia and its relationship with France, according to Africanews and Al Jazeera.