• Over 4 million people have fled Sudan since the war began in April 2023, according to the UN.
• The refugee crisis poses serious risks to regional and global stability.
• Chad is significantly impacted, now hosting over 1.2 million Sudanese refugees.
• The UNHCR has warned of dire humanitarian conditions and funding shortages.
• Violence in Darfur has exacerbated the crisis, with reports of ethnically motivated attacks.

Over four million people have fled Sudan since the civil war commenced in April 2023, as reported by the United Nations. This significant figure represents a "devastating milestone" in what the UN refers to as the world’s most damaging displacement crisis currently. UNHCR spokesperson Eujin Byun emphasized that this mass exodus puts both regional and global stability at risk if the conflict persists, which has already led to tens of thousands of deaths and extensive humanitarian fallout, according to Reuters, India Times, and TRT Global.

As of now, UNHCR statistics indicate that 4,003,385 individuals have sought refuge in neighboring countries, particularly in Egypt, South Sudan, and Chad. Among them, 1.5 million have reached Egypt, over 1.1 million have fled to South Sudan, and more than 850,000 have crossed into Chad, where conditions are rapidly deteriorating. The refugee influx has strained Chad's resources, which were already burdened, with more than 1.2 million refugees now residing there, per reports from Africanews and Al Jazeera.

The emerging humanitarian crisis is marked by severe underfunding, with current appeals meeting only 14% of the needs, leading to dire living conditions for refugees. In Chad, refugees reportedly receive only 5 liters of water a day, well below the international minimum. Furthermore, an urgent call for $550 million has been made to address these escalating humanitarian needs, as noted by officials from the UNHCR, according to India Times and Africanews.

The conflict, driven by power struggles between Sudan's military and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has compounded the humanitarian crisis with significant violence and humanitarian violations reported, particularly in Darfur. Eyewitness accounts describe civilians fleeing under duress from armed groups amid rising atrocities, illustrating the gravity of the situation, as indicated by reports from Reuters, India Times, and Al Jazeera.