Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is accused of election fraud for voting from a New York residence where a court ruled he does not legally reside.
The complaint was filed by Accountable.US, a watchdog group, suggesting he may have committed a felony.
This issue is expected to arise during RFK Jr.'s confirmation hearings for his proposed role as Health and Human Services Secretary under Donald Trump.
A New York judge previously determined that Kennedy's claimed address in Katonah is not his legal residence.
The New York Board of Elections will review the complaint to investigate any potential violations of election law.