Artificial intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for global economies and societies, yet its rapid progress raises pressing concerns about worsening inequalities, particularly in the Global South. Recent commentary emphasizes the necessity for global cooperation to ensure that AI does not exacerbate existing disparities. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres has warned that the ongoing AI revolution brings a dual promise: it can foster economic growth but may also deepen societal divides

(SCMP). He stated, “we must never allow AI to stand for advancing inequality.” This call for action is particularly relevant as incoming US President Donald Trump is set to repeal existing regulations that mandate ethical considerations in AI deployment. Trump’s plan could undermine crucial international agreements aimed at regulating AI through ethical frameworks, which are essential for protecting human rights and fostering inclusive growth in developing nations.

According to various analyzes, AI could contribute a staggering US$15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030, yet regions such as North America, China, and Europe are projected to capture around 84 percent of that growth, leaving the Global South to share a mere 16 percent (source: SCMP). This division is alarming, especially considering that many countries in the Global South lack the infrastructure necessary to fully engage with AI advancements. For example, the absence of advanced supercomputers in sub-Saharan Africa significantly hampers their competitive edge in the field.

The implications of Trump's deregulation extend beyond immediate economic concerns; the removal of safeguards may provoke a race to the bottom in ethical standards globally. This is particularly alarming given that many developing countries depend on the US for digital tools and innovations. With automation threatening jobs across sectors, particularly for low-skilled workers, policymakers must emphasise the need for robust regulatory frameworks that prioritize human dignity and equity.

In the agricultural sector, AI has potential applications that can benefit farmers in areas like crop disease diagnosis. However, the insufficient adoption of such technologies leaves numerous individuals vulnerable to climate changes and food insecurity. In contrast, developed nations benefit from large-scale applications of AI in agriculture that enhance productivity, highlighting the chasm that exists between regions.

As Guterres noted, the deployment of AI in autonomous weapons, border surveillance, and predictive policing also warrants serious ethical contemplation. The environmental implications are also significant; data centers supporting AI operations can contribute to roughly 1 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. These factors underscore the urgency for comprehensive international collaboration to manage AI so it benefits all, not just a select few.

Efforts such as the proposed Global Digital Compact aim to lay the groundwork for inclusive AI governance, ensuring that developing nations receive the assistance needed to build digital capacity and infrastructure. The compact advocates for prioritizing ethical AI practices and addressing biases that marginally affect under-represented populations, suggesting a unified approach to deploying AI technologies responsibly.

In conclusion, the balance between innovation and ethical responsibility in AI cannot be overstated. The impending shifts in US policy under Trump present formidable challenges to the Global South. However, by fostering regional collaborations, investing in infrastructure, and focusing on education, developing nations can craft pathways that not only mitigate potential harms but also ensure that AI serves as an engine of inclusive growth for everyone. As the Global South navigates through this challenging landscape, the importance of an equitable approach to AI technology becomes increasingly critical.